The World Flora Online

SELECTED REFERENCES Abdallah, M. S. and H. C. D. de Wit. 1978. The Resedaceae: A taxonomical revision of the family (final installment). Meded. Landbouwhoogeschool 78. Bolle, F. 1936. Resedaceae. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. ....., ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 659-693. Carlquist, S. 1998b. Wood anatomy of Resedaceae. Aliso 16: 127-135. Edmonson, J. R. 1993. Resedaceae. In: T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 1993+. Flora Europaea, ed. 2. Cambridge and New York Vol. 1, pp. 417-420. El Naggar, S. M. 2002. Taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in some taxa of Resedaceae. Feddes Repert. 113: 518-527. González Aguilera, J. J. and A. M. Fernández Peralta. 1984. Phylogenetic relationships in the family Resedaceae. Genetica 64: 185-197. Hennig, L. 1929. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Resedaceen—Blüte und Frucht. Planta 9: 507-563. Kubitzky, K. 2003. Resedaceae. In: K. Kubitzky et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 9+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 5, pp. 334-338. Martín-Bravo, S. et al. 2007. Molecular systematics and biogeography of Resedaceae based on ITS and trnL-F sequences. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 44: 1105-1120. Mitra, K. and S. N. Mitra. 1979. Pollen morphology in relation to taxonomy and geography of Resedaceae. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 18: 194-202. Sobick, U. 1983. Blutenentwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen an Resedaceen unter besonderer Berucksichtigung von Androeceum und Gynoeceum. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 104: 203-248. Weberling, F. 1968. Über die Rudimentärstipeln der Resedaceae. Acta Bot. Neerl. 17: 360-372.

Herbs [shrubs], annual, biennial, or perennial; usually glabrous, sometimes puberulent (producing glucosinolates). Stems erect or ascending; unbranched or branched. Leaves cauline and sometimes basal; rosulate or not; alternate, sometimes fasciculate, simple; venation pinnate; stipules present (modified into glands, interpetiolar, distinct); petiole present; blade (sometimes pinnately lobed, base somewhat decurrent on petioles) margins entire, pinnatisect, or with 1-2 hyaline teeth. Inflorescences usually terminal, sometimes axillary, racemes or spikes; bracts present. Pedicels present or absent. Flowers bisexual [unisexual or polygamous], ± zygomorphic (almost actinomorphic); perianth and androecium hypogynous [rarely perigynous]; sepals persistent or deciduous, 2-6[-8], distinct or basally connate, equal or unequal, margins usually hyaline; petals [0-]2-6(-8), imbricate, distinct or connate, rotate, attached to receptacle, heteromorphic, lateral and abaxial (anterior) usually progressively smaller, adaxial (superior) ones larger, clawed, margins entire or incised; intrastaminal nectary-discs present or absent, asymmetrical, simple [double]; stamens 3-40 (adaxial ones shorter); filaments persistent or deciduous, distinct or basally connate, glabrous or scaberulous; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits, introrse, tetrasporangiate (pollen shed as single grain), binucleate, commonly 3-aperturate, colpate or colporate; pistils [2-]3-4[-6(-8)], connate [distinct or basally connate] (± open apically), each with an apical tooth (style and stigma) containing stigmatic tissue; ovary [2 or] 3 or 4 [6(-8)]; (placentation parietal [basal-axial or marginal], placenta usually entire, sometimes apically forked; ovules 1-many per locule, campylotropous, bitegmic. Fruits capsules [sometimes free carpidia], valvate [fleshy], cylindric, ovoid-oblong, subglobose, or ovoid, ± open apically; gynophore present (sometimes minute, hidden by surrounding disc). Seeds 3-ca. 30, brownish or dark brown to black, reniform, papillose, rugose, or smooth; not arillate; endosperm scanty or none; cotyledons incumbent.

Herbes , sous-arbustes ou arbustes.'Feuilles'alternes, simples ou pennées, généralement munies de minuscules stipules glandulaires.'Inflorescences'en racèmes ou épis terminaux, munis de bractées.'Fleurs'☿ ou rarement ♂♀, à zygomorphie médiane, sans bractéoles; calice à 2-8 sépales, libres ou ± soudés à la base, à préfloraison imbriquée et souvent persistants; corolle à 0-8 pétales, généralement différenciés en un onglet élargi et muni intérieurement d'une écaille au bord supérieur et en un limbe entier ou plus souvent lacinié, rarement entièrement simples, à préfloraison ouverte; étamines 3-40, sur un androgynophore muni d'un disque unilatéral, à anthères introrses; carpelles 2-7, ± soudés en un ovaire uniloculaire et toujours ouvert au sommet, à stigmates en même nombre que les carpelles; ovules ∞, à placentation basilaire ou pariétale.'Fruits'capsulaires et généralement ouverts au sommet ou bacciformes.'Graines nombreuses ou en nombre égal aux carpelles, réniformes ou en fer à cheval, exalbuminées et à embryon courbe ou plissé.\n\t\t\tPetite famille renfermant 6 genres et environ 70 espèces, à aire de distribution principale dans la région méditerranéenne.\n\t\t\tDiverses espèces du genre'Reseda'L. ont une valeur économique;'R. luteola'L., la Gaude, est cultivée comme plante tinctoriale renfermant la lutéoline, tandis que'R. odorata L., le Reseda, est une plante ornementale cultivée pour son odeur agréable.

Stamens 3–40, perigynous or on the disk, not covered by the petals in bud; filaments free or united at the base; anthers 2-celled, introrse Ovary of 2–6 free or connate carpels, closed or gaping at the top, each carpel with a separate stigma; ovules numerous on parietal placentas or at the base of the ovary Fruit a gaping capsule or baccate Seeds numerous, kidney- or horse-shoe-shaped; endosperm absent; embryo curved or folded Leaves alternate, simple or pinnately divided; stipules small, gland-like Annual or perennial herbs with watery juice, rarely woody Galyx persistent, mostly zygomorphic, 4–7-lobed, imbricate Flowers mostly zygomorphic, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual, racemose or spicate Disk present, often dilated on the adaxial side Petals small and inconspicuous or none, valvate, free or slightly coherent, often laciniate, sometimes with a scale at the base Ovary of 2–6 free or connate carpels, closed or gaping at the top, each carpel with a separate stigma; ovules numerous on parietal placentas or at the base of the ovary Fruit a gaping capsule or baccate Seeds numerous, kidney- or horse-shoe-shaped; endosperm absent; embryo curved or folded Leaves alternate, simple or pinnately divided; stipules small, gland-like Annual or perennial herbs with watery juice, rarely woody Galyx persistent, mostly zygomorphic, 4–7-lobed, imbricate Flowers mostly zygomorphic, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual, racemose or spicate Disk present, often dilated on the adaxial side Petals small and inconspicuous or none, valvate, free or slightly coherent, often laciniate, sometimes with a scale at the base

Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs Disk usually present, often dilated on the adaxial side Petals 4–7, free or slightly coherent, usually unequal, simple or laciniate Ovary superior, sessile or stipitate, of 2–6 free or connate carpels Stamens 3–40, perigynous or inserted on the disk, often declinate, free or monadelphous at the base, not covered by the petals in bud; anthers 2-thecous, introrse Leaves alternate or fasciculate, simple to pinnatipartite, stipules small Calyx persistent or deciduous, 4–8-partite Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, bisexual or rarely unisexual, usually zygomorphic Fruit a closed or open capsule, rarely baccate or of as many follicles as carpels Ovules 1–?, inserted on parietal placentas or at the base of the ovary Seeds mostly numerous, reniform or hippocrepiform, without endosperm and with a curved embryo Disk usually present, often dilated on the adaxial side Petals 4–7, free or slightly coherent, usually unequal, simple or laciniate Ovary superior, sessile or stipitate, of 2–6 free or connate carpels Stamens 3–40, perigynous or inserted on the disk, often declinate, free or monadelphous at the base, not covered by the petals in bud; anthers 2-thecous, introrse Leaves alternate or fasciculate, simple to pinnatipartite, stipules small Calyx persistent or deciduous, 4–8-partite Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, bisexual or rarely unisexual, usually zygomorphic Fruit a closed or open capsule, rarely baccate or of as many follicles as carpels Ovules 1–?, inserted on parietal placentas or at the base of the ovary Seeds mostly numerous, reniform or hippocrepiform, without endosperm and with a curved embryo

Fls hypogynous, perfect, irregular and with an evident gynophore or androgynophore; sep 4–8, sometimes unequal; pet mostly 4–8, valvate, distinct, unequal, the innermost one the largest and usually conspicuously fringed-appendiculate on the upper part of the back; stamens 3–50+; carpels (2)3–6(7), ordinarily united to form a superior, compound, unilocular ovary that is open at the top and has small, sessile, well separated stigmas around the rim, the ovules borne on parietal placentas; fr usually a gaping capsule; seeds mostly reniform, with little or no endosperm; mostly herbs, producing mustard oil; lvs alternate, entire to deeply pinnatifid; fls small, in elongating racemes or spikes. 6/70.

Herbs annual to perennial, rarely woody. Leaves alternate, entire to pinnatifid, with small, glandular stipules. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, in terminal racemes or spikes. Sepals persistent, 4-7. Petals usually 4-7 or absent, entire or cleft, hypogynous or perigynous. Stamens 3-40, inserted on disc, exposed in bud; disc often eccentric; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-loculed. Carpels 2-6, free or united into a 1-loculed ovary; ovules numerous; placentation parietal or basal. Fruit a capsule or berrylike. Seeds numerous, reniform or suborbicular; endosperm almost absent; cotyledons curved.

Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs Seeds mostly numerous, reniform or hippocrepi­form, exalbuminous, with a curved embryo Ovules 1–?, inserted on parietal placentas or at the base of the ovary Ovary superior, sessile or stipitate, of 2–6 free or connate carpels Fruit a closed or open capsule, indehiscent, rarely baccate or of as many follicles as carpels Petals mostly 4–7, usually unequal, small, deciduous or persistent, free or slightly coherent, laciniate, simple or clawed, often having a membranous appendage at the base of the limb Calyx persistent or deciduous, 4–8-partite Stamens 3–40, perigynous or inserted on the disc, often declinate, free or monadelphous at the base, not covered by the petals in bud; anthers 2-celled, introrse Disc usually present, often dilated on the adaxial side Leaves scattered or fasciculate, simple to pinnatipartite; stipules small, gland-like Inflorescence terminal, spicate or racemose Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual, usually irregular Seeds mostly numerous, reniform or hippocrepi­form, exalbuminous, with a curved embryo Ovules 1–?, inserted on parietal placentas or at the base of the ovary Ovary superior, sessile or stipitate, of 2–6 free or connate carpels Fruit a closed or open capsule, indehiscent, rarely baccate or of as many follicles as carpels Petals mostly 4–7, usually unequal, small, deciduous or persistent, free or slightly coherent, laciniate, simple or clawed, often having a membranous appendage at the base of the limb Calyx persistent or deciduous, 4–8-partite Stamens 3–40, perigynous or inserted on the disc, often declinate, free or monadelphous at the base, not covered by the petals in bud; anthers 2-celled, introrse Disc usually present, often dilated on the adaxial side Leaves scattered or fasciculate, simple to pinnatipartite; stipules small, gland-like Inflorescence terminal, spicate or racemose Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual, usually irregular