The World Flora Online

Seeds without endosperm; embryo with flat cotyledons Fruit a capsule, nut, or subdrupaceous; endocarp hardened and often horned or prickly Ovules solitary or numerous on each placenta Ovary sessile, 1-celled with 2 intrusive parietal placentas or 2-4-celled, the cells again often divided by spurious septa; style terminal Disk hypogynous, fleshy Stamens 4, or rarely only 2 perfect, alternate with the corolla-lobes; anthers connivent in pairs, 2-celled, cells distinct, parallel or divaricate, opening lengthwise; fifth stamen often represented by a staminode Corolla gamopetalous, often oblique; lobes 5, imbricate Calyx of 5 or 4 segments or 4-fid or spathaceous Flowers hermaphrodite, zygomorphic Leaves opposite or the upper alternate, simple; stipules absent Annual or perennial herbs Fruit a capsule, nut, or subdrupaceous; endocarp hardened and often horned or prickly Ovules solitary or numerous on each placenta Ovary sessile, 1-celled with 2 intrusive parietal placentas or 2-4-celled, the cells again often divided by spurious septa; style terminal Disk hypogynous, fleshy Stamens 4, or rarely only 2 perfect, alternate with the corolla-lobes; anthers connivent in pairs, 2-celled, cells distinct, parallel or divaricate, opening lengthwise; fifth stamen often represented by a staminode Corolla gamopetalous, often oblique; lobes 5, imbricate Calyx of 5 or 4 segments or 4-fid or spathaceous Flowers hermaphrodite, zygomorphic Leaves opposite or the upper alternate, simple; stipules absent Annual or perennial herbs

Small trees with swollen stems, shrubs with or without swollen main branches, perennial herbs, sometimes with a short swollen stem and tuberous roots, or annual herbs, erect or procumbent, covered with mucilage-glands (at least on the young parts) which produce slime when wetted Leaves opposite or the upper sometimes alternate, petiolate to subsessile, usually simple, entire to pinnatilobed, sometimes digitate, exstipulate, sometimes subsucculent Flowers usually solitary in the leaf axils, rarely in few-flowered cymes; pedicels generally with nectar glands (extrafloral nectaries originating from reduced flowers) at the base Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular Calyx 5-partite Corolla gamopetalous; tube usually obliquely campanulate, sometimes funnel-shaped or cylindrical, adaxially often slightly gibbous or rarely spurred at the base; limb sub-bilabiate or subequally 5-lobed Stamens 4, didynamous (fifth stamen often represented by a staminode), usually inserted near the base of the corolla and normally included in the tube; thecae 2, parallel or divaricate, opening lengthwise; connective usually gland-tipped Seeds 1-many in each compartment; testa often characteristically sculptured, sometimes forming wings; seeds containing considerable amounts of fat; the endosperm very thin Fruit very variable, dehiscent or indehiscent, often provided with protuberances such as horns, spines or wings Ovary superior, usually bilocular, the loculi often completely or partially divided by false septa, each compartment containing 1-many ovules attached to a central placenta; style filiform, exceeding the anthers; stigma usually bilobed Disk (nectary) hypogynous, fleshy, generally conspicuous, often asymmetrical Leaves opposite or the upper sometimes alternate, petiolate to subsessile, usually simple, entire to pinnatilobed, sometimes digitate, exstipulate, sometimes subsucculent Flowers usually solitary in the leaf axils, rarely in few-flowered cymes; pedicels generally with nectar glands (extrafloral nectaries originating from reduced flowers) at the base Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular Calyx 5-partite Corolla gamopetalous; tube usually obliquely campanulate, sometimes funnel-shaped or cylindrical, adaxially often slightly gibbous or rarely spurred at the base; limb sub-bilabiate or subequally 5-lobed Stamens 4, didynamous (fifth stamen often represented by a staminode), usually inserted near the base of the corolla and normally included in the tube; thecae 2, parallel or divaricate, opening lengthwise; connective usually gland-tipped Seeds 1-many in each compartment; testa often characteristically sculptured, sometimes forming wings; seeds containing considerable amounts of fat; the endosperm very thin Fruit very variable, dehiscent or indehiscent, often provided with protuberances such as horns, spines or wings Ovary superior, usually bilocular, the loculi often completely or partially divided by false septa, each compartment containing 1-many ovules attached to a central placenta; style filiform, exceeding the anthers; stigma usually bilobed Disk (nectary) hypogynous, fleshy, generally conspicuous, often asymmetrical

Fls perfect, mostly hypogynous, sympetalous; cor irregular, sometimes spurred or saccate at base, the limb often oblique or ± bilabiate, the 5 lobes imbricate; stamens on the cor-tube, alternate with the lobes, 4 and paired, the fifth (upper) one commonly represented by a small staminode, or sometimes only the 2 upper-lateral stamens fully developed; ovary mostly superior, bicarpellate, unilocular with 2 intruded, forked parietal placentas, or bilocular with axile placentas, or 4-locellar; fr variously capsular or indehiscent, very often armed with horns or hooks or prickles; seeds with scanty or no endosperm and a straight, spatulate, dicotyledonous embryo; mostly herbs, beset (at least when young) with characteristic trichomes that have a short stalk and a broad head composed of 4 or more mucilage-filled cells, often with other kinds of hairs as well; lvs simple, exstipulate, opposite or the upper alternate. (Martyniaceae, Trapellaceae) 20/80, mostly tropical.

Seeds 1–? in each compartment, sometimes winged; testa often reticulate or pitted, endosperm very thin Fruit very variable, dehiscent, or in-dehiscent, often provided with horns, spines or wings Ovary superior, usually 2-celled, cells often completely or partially divided by false septa, each compartment containing 1–? ovules attached to the central placenta; style filiform, exceeding the anthers, stigma usually 2-lobed, rarely 4-lobed or trumpet-shaped Disc hypogynous, fleshy, generally conspicuous, often asymmetrical Anther-cells 2, parallel or divaricate, opening lengthwise, connective usually gland-tipped Stamens 4, didynamous (fifth stamen often represented by a staminode) inserted near the base and normally included in the tube Corolla gamopetalous; tube usually obliquely campanulate, sometimes funnel-shaped or cylindrical and gibbous or spurred at the base; limb sub-bilabiate or subequally 5-lobed Flowers usually solitary in the leaf axils, rarely in few-flowered racemes; pedicels generally with nectarial glands at the base Calyx 5-partite Leaves opposite or the upper alternate, usually simple, exstipulate Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs or small trees, covered with mucilage-glands (at least on the young parts), which become slimy when wetted Fruit very variable, dehiscent, or in-dehiscent, often provided with horns, spines or wings Ovary superior, usually 2-celled, cells often completely or partially divided by false septa, each compartment containing 1–? ovules attached to the central placenta; style filiform, exceeding the anthers, stigma usually 2-lobed, rarely 4-lobed or trumpet-shaped Disc hypogynous, fleshy, generally conspicuous, often asymmetrical Anther-cells 2, parallel or divaricate, opening lengthwise, connective usually gland-tipped Stamens 4, didynamous (fifth stamen often represented by a staminode) inserted near the base and normally included in the tube Corolla gamopetalous; tube usually obliquely campanulate, sometimes funnel-shaped or cylindrical and gibbous or spurred at the base; limb sub-bilabiate or subequally 5-lobed Flowers usually solitary in the leaf axils, rarely in few-flowered racemes; pedicels generally with nectarial glands at the base Calyx 5-partite Leaves opposite or the upper alternate, usually simple, exstipulate Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs or small trees, covered with mucilage-glands (at least on the young parts), which become slimy when wetted

Herbs annual or perennial, rarely shrubs or trees, sometimes with swollen stems. Leaves opposite, sometimes alternate on upper part of stem, densely covered with 4-merous mucilaginous glands; stipules absent. Flowers zygomorphic, solitary, axillary, rarely in few-flowered cymes. Pedicel with extrafloral nectaries. Calyx (4 or)5-parted. Corolla bilabiate or obscurely so; lobes 5, imbricate. Stamens 4 and didynamous, sometime 2; staminodes usually 1; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally. Disc fleshy. Ovary superior or rarely inferior, 2- or 4-locular; placentation axile; ovules 2 to numerous, anatropous. Style filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit dehiscent or indehiscent, winged or usually with horns or hooks. Seeds 1 to many in each locule.