The World Flora Online

Formerly placed in Phytolaccaceae but now widely accepted asdistinct and belonging in Capparales.

Some species cannot be confidently determined withoutfemale plants.

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Short-lived trees or shrubs, or annuals, dioecious or monoecious, glabrous or papillose, soft-wooded. Branchlets often orange, brown or red. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, sessile or petiolate, often succulent; stipules small. Flowers small, actinomorphic or almost so, solitary, or in racemes or panicles, axillary or terminal. Calyx broadly cupular, lobed or entire, persistent, the lobes imbricate in bud. Corolla absent. Male flower: stamens 7–100, in one or several concentric series, when uniseriate with a central disc; anthers almost sessile, quadrangular, 2-locular, opening widely by longitudinal slits. Female flower: carpels 2 to many, either connate around a central column, or fused, sometimes solitary; ovules 1 per carpel, campylotropous; placentation axile; stigmas 1 per carpel, free or shortly united with each other, rarely divided. Fruit a dry or succulent schizocarp, a hard achene or a syncarp; carpels often falling before shedding seeds. Seeds U-shaped, usually rugose, red-brown; aril prominent, translucent; embryo strongly curved; endosperm present.

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Most species are fire-opportunistsor plants of disturbed areas.

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Endemic in Australia; 4 genera and 17 species, mostly in drier regions; absent from wet tropics.

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n=l4, fide G. J. Keighery, Austral. J. Bot. 23: 335–338 (1975)

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G. Bentham, in Phytolaccaceae, Fl. Austral 5: 142–150 (1870); H. Walter, in Phytolaccaceae, Pflanzenr 39: 1–154 (1909); A. Heimerl, Gyrostemonaceae, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2nd edn, 16c: 165–173 (1934); G. J. Keighery, Chromosome numbers in the Gyrostemonaceae Endl. and the Phytolaccaceae Lindl.: a comparison, Austral. J. Bot. 23: 335–338 (1975); P. Goldblatt et al., Gyrostemonaceae: status and affinity, Bot. Not. 129: 201–200 (1976); S. Carlquist, Wood Anatomy and Relationships of Bataceae, Gyrostemonaceae, and Stylobasiaceae, Allertonia 1: 297–330 (1978).

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