The World Flora Online

SELECTED REFERENCE Stevens, P. F. 2007. Clusiaceae—Guttiferae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 10+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 9, pp. 48–66.

Shrubs or trees [lianas], evergreen, . Leaves decussate [whorled], estipulate; petiole usually present; blade margins entire; . Inflorescences terminal, dichasial, thyrsoid, or corymbiform or flowers solitary. Pedicels absent or relatively stout. Flowers unisexual [bisexual], actinomorphic, hypogynous; sepals persistent, [2–]4[–14], imbricate or decussate; petals persistent [deciduous], [3–]6(–8)[–14], ; [stamens distinct or fasciculate; ; anthers usually dehiscing longitudinally, sometimes locellate, ]; pistils 1; ovary superior, 3–12-locular; placentation axile; ovules 1–6+ per locule, anatropous, bitegmic, tenuinucellate; styles absent [relatively short]; stigmas [3–]6–9(–12). Fruits capsular [berrylike, drupelike], dehiscence septifragal. Seeds arillate, embryo usually green, straight, , endosperm absent.

Arbres , arbustes, suffrutex ou herbes, rarement lianes, à latex jaune ou orange, généralement glabres, parfois à indument de poils étoilés.'Feuilles'généralement opposées, parfois verticillées ou alternes, simples, habituellement entières, non stipulées, à glandes et canaux résinifères parfois translucides.'Inflorescences'terminales ou axillaires, généralement en cymes bipares, parfois en racèmes, panicules, fascicules ou ombelles, ou fleurs solitaires.'Fleurs'actinomorphes, ♀ ou ♂♀ parfois ♂ et ♀; sépales imbriqués; pétales imbriqués ou contortés, parfois décussés; étamines nombreuses, souvent groupées en phalanges; anthères à 2 thèques déhiscentes par fentes longitudinales; ovaire supère 1- à pluriloculaire, à placentation pariétale ou axile, apicale ou basale; ovules anatropes, 1-∞ par loge; styles libres ou concrescents, parfois très courts ou nuls.'Fruits': baies, drupes ou capsules.'Graines exalbuminées, arillées ou non.\n\t\t\tFamille principalement tropicale à l'exception du genre'Hypericum , comprenant 49 genres et environ 900 espèces. Pour la Flore : 11 genres, 47 espèces et 2 variétés.\n\t\t\tCertains auteurs (Hutchinson, Fam. Fl. Pl., ed. 2, 1 : 297, 1959; Moggi et Pisacchi, Webbia, 22 : 233, 1967) traitent séparément la famille des'Hypericaceae'mais nous préférons nous ranger à l'opinion de Robson (Fl. Zambes., 1 : 379, 1961) pour qui les caractères retenus pour isoler les'Hypericaceae'ne semblent pas plus importants que ceux utilisés pour séparer les autres sous-familles des'Guttiferae .

Flowers actinomorphic, unisexual, polygamous or dioecious, rarely hermaphrodite Leaves opposite, simple; stipules absent Trees or shrubs, with resinous juice Stamens mostly numerous, hypogynous, free or variously united in the lower part or into bundles opposite the petals; anthers 2-celled, opening lengthwise Petals the same number, hypogynous, contorted or imbricate, very rarely subvalvate Sepals 2–6; rarely more, imbricate Ovary sessile, superior, 1- to many-celled; ovules 1 to many, on the inner angle of the cells or erect from their base, rarely parietal (Allanblackia); stigmas various, sometimes radiating Rudimentary ovary sometimes present in the male flower; staminodes often present in the female flower Seeds often with an aril, without endosperm; embryo large; cotyledons often minute Fruit dehiscent or not, sometimes large and globose Leaves opposite, simple; stipules absent Trees or shrubs, with resinous juice Stamens mostly numerous, hypogynous, free or variously united in the lower part or into bundles opposite the petals; anthers 2-celled, opening lengthwise Petals the same number, hypogynous, contorted or imbricate, very rarely subvalvate Sepals 2–6; rarely more, imbricate Ovary sessile, superior, 1- to many-celled; ovules 1 to many, on the inner angle of the cells or erect from their base, rarely parietal (Allanblackia); stigmas various, sometimes radiating Rudimentary ovary sometimes present in the male flower; staminodes often present in the female flower Seeds often with an aril, without endosperm; embryo large; cotyledons often minute Fruit dehiscent or not, sometimes large and globose

Fruit a septicidal (rarely loculicidal) capsule or a berry or drupe Ovary superior, 1–5-locular (rarely to 12-locular), placentation usually axile, sometimes ± parietal, loculi 1–?-ovulate; styles free, ± united or absent; stigmas equal in number to the loculi Seeds sometimes winged, carinate or arillate, without endosperm Androecium basically of two whorls of stamen fascicles, the outer (antisepalous) one often sterile (fasciclodes) or absent, filaments variously united or free (when the androecium may appear polyandrous); antipetalous fascicles variously united or free, very rarely each one reduced to a single stamen Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, dioecious or polygamous Leaves opposite or rarely subopposite to alternate or whorled, simple, usually entire, exstipulate, containing various glandular secretions Trees, shrubs, woody climbers or perennial or annual herbs; juice resinous Sepals (2) 4–5 (6 or more), quincuncial or decussate Petals 4–5 (6 or more), free, usually convolute (sometimes imbricate or decussate, rarely absent), alternating with the sepals Ovary superior, 1–5-locular (rarely to 12-locular), placentation usually axile, sometimes ± parietal, loculi 1–?-ovulate; styles free, ± united or absent; stigmas equal in number to the loculi Seeds sometimes winged, carinate or arillate, without endosperm Androecium basically of two whorls of stamen fascicles, the outer (antisepalous) one often sterile (fasciclodes) or absent, filaments variously united or free (when the androecium may appear polyandrous); antipetalous fascicles variously united or free, very rarely each one reduced to a single stamen Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, dioecious or polygamous Leaves opposite or rarely subopposite to alternate or whorled, simple, usually entire, exstipulate, containing various glandular secretions Trees, shrubs, woody climbers or perennial or annual herbs; juice resinous Sepals (2) 4–5 (6 or more), quincuncial or decussate Petals 4–5 (6 or more), free, usually convolute (sometimes imbricate or decussate, rarely absent), alternating with the sepals

Fls perfect, hypogynous, regular (at least as to the cor), polypetalous, the perianth mostly 4–5-merous; stamens typically numerous and centrifugal, varying to only 5, the elongate filaments sometimes basally connate; ovary of 2–5 carpels, unilocular or partly or wholly 2–5-locular, the placentas accordingly parietal or axile; styles as many as the carpels, sometimes united below; fr a many-seeded capsule, usually septicidal; herbs or shrubs with simple, opposite, exstipulate, entire lvs ordinarily beset with translucent internal glands and often also superficially punctate; fls cymose (or solitary), usually yellow. (Guttiferae, Hypericaceae) Our plants all belong to the subfamily Hypericoideae, as principally described above. 50/1200, trop. and N. Temp.

Stamens usually numerous, free or very often in fascicles or fused into groups, anthers usually with 2 thecae dehiscing by longitudinal slits; the outer fascicles are often sterile “fasciclodes”, frequently forming what is often called the disc, or are absent Ovary superior, 1–several-locular, with parietal, axile, apical or basal placentation; ovules anatropous, l–? per locule; styles free or fused, sometimes very short or absent; stigmas or stigma-lobes mostly equal in number to the locules Fruit a berry, drupe or septicidal (rarely loculicidal) capsule Seeds arillate or not, without albumen, sometimes winged; embryo with cotyledons often very reduced Flowers regular, often fleshy, hermaphrodite, dioecious or polygamous Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2-fid cymes, false racemes, panicles, fascicles or umbels or sometimes the flowers solitary Petals free, 4–5(–6 or more), imbricate or contorted, sometimes decussate Sepals (2–)4–5(–6 or more), imbricate, often decussate Leaves usually opposite, sometimes verticillate or alternate, simple, entire or very obscurely crenate, exstipulate, usually with glands and resin channels which are often translucent Trees, shrubs, subshrubs or herbs, rarely climbers, mostly containing a yellow, orange or clear resinous latex, usually glabrous but occasionally with an indumentum of simple or stellate hairs Ovary superior, 1–several-locular, with parietal, axile, apical or basal placentation; ovules anatropous, l–? per locule; styles free or fused, sometimes very short or absent; stigmas or stigma-lobes mostly equal in number to the locules Fruit a berry, drupe or septicidal (rarely loculicidal) capsule Seeds arillate or not, without albumen, sometimes winged; embryo with cotyledons often very reduced Flowers regular, often fleshy, hermaphrodite, dioecious or polygamous Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2-fid cymes, false racemes, panicles, fascicles or umbels or sometimes the flowers solitary Petals free, 4–5(–6 or more), imbricate or contorted, sometimes decussate Sepals (2–)4–5(–6 or more), imbricate, often decussate Leaves usually opposite, sometimes verticillate or alternate, simple, entire or very obscurely crenate, exstipulate, usually with glands and resin channels which are often translucent Trees, shrubs, subshrubs or herbs, rarely climbers, mostly containing a yellow, orange or clear resinous latex, usually glabrous but occasionally with an indumentum of simple or stellate hairs

Trees, shrubs, or sometimes herbs containing resin or oil in schizogenous spaces or canals and sometimes black or red glands containing hypericin or pseudohypericin. Leaves simple, entire or rarely gland-fringed, opposite or sometimes whorled, nearly always estipulate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, regular, hypogynous, solitary or in cymes or thyrses; bracteoles often inserted just beneath calyx and then not always easily distinguishable from sepals. Sepals (2-)4 or 5(or 6), imbricate or decussate or rarely wholly united in bud, inner ones sometimes petaloid. Petals [3 or]4 or 5[or 6], free, imbricate or contorted in bud. Stamens many to rarely few (9), in [3 or]4 or 5 bundles (fascicles) that are free and antipetalous or variously connate, with filaments variously united or apparently free and then sometimes sterile (staminodes); anther dehiscence longitudinal. Staminode bundles (fasciclodes) 3-5, free and antisepalous or variously connate or absent. Ovary superior, with 2-5(-12) connate carpels, 1-12-loculed, with axile to parietal or basal placentation; ovules 1 to many on each placenta, erect to pendulous; styles 1-5[-12], free or ± united or absent; stigmas 1-12, punctiform to peltate or, when sessile, radiate, surface papillate or smooth. Fruit a septicidal or septifragal, rarely loculicidal, capsule, berry, or drupe; seeds 1 to many, without or almost without endosperm [sometimes arillate].