The World Flora Online

Annuals or biennials; (roots slender or fleshy, size, shape, and color variable in cultivated forms); not scapose; glabrous or pubescent. Stems erect, unbranched or branched. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or subsessile; basal not rosulate, petiolate, blade margins lyrately lobed or pinnatifid to pinnatisect; cauline shortly petiolate or subsessile, blade (base not auriculate), margins dentate or lobed, (smaller and fewer-lobed than basal). Racemes (corymbose, several-flowered), usually greatly elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, ascending, or spreading [reflexed]. Flowers: sepals erect, narrowly oblong [linear], lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, creamy white, yellow, pink, or purple [lilac] (usually with darker veins), broadly obovate [suborbicular], claw differentiated from blade, (± longer than sepals, apex obtuse or emarginate [rounded]); stamens strongly tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers oblong or oblong-linear, (apex obtuse); nectar glands (4), median pair present. Fruits siliques or silicles, indehiscent, sessile, segments 2, (lomentaceous, often breaking into 1-seeded units), cylindrical, fusiform, lanceolate, or ovoid, [linear, oblong, ellipsoid], smooth or torulose to strongly moniliform, (constricted or not between seeds), terete or polygonal; (valvular segment seedless, rudimentary, or aborted, nearly as wide as pedicel; terminal segment several-seeded, corky); valves glabrous, antrorsely scabrous, or hispid; replum and septum not differentiated; ovules 2-22 per ovary; (style slender); stigma capitate, slightly 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, plump, not winged, oblong, ovoid, or globose [subglobose]; seed coat (nearly smooth to reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate. x = 9.

Herbes annuelles ou bisannuelles, hapaxanthes, ± hispides à poils simples, à tige feuillée. Feuilles lyriformes-pennatipartites; cotylédons présentant un profond sinus. Grappes terminales sans bractées, ± corymbiformes à fleurs assez nombreuses et relativement grandes. Infrutescence allongée. Sépales dressés, les internes plus larges et ± sacciformes; Pétales blancs, jaunes ou violacés, à limbe ovale et onguiculé. Étamines 6 à filets droits. Nectaires latéraux très petits, les médians hémisphériques ou cylindriques. Ovaire subulé biarticulé dont l'article inférieur est très court tandis que l'article supérieur est long et contient dans sa partie inférieure quelques ovules ou davantage. Silique biarticulé; article inférieur déhiscent en 2 valves, soit très court et asperme, soit réduit; article supérieur indéhiscent et caduc, toruleux ou flexueux, cloisons transversales séparant chaque graine.

RAPHANUS L.

Raphanus raphanistrum L., Sp. Pl. 669. 1753.

Hierbas anuales o bianuales gruesas, con raíces axonomorfas, erectas y ramificadas, 3–8 dm de alto, en general escasamente híspidas. Hojas inferiores obovado-oblongas, pinnatífidas con 5–15 segmentos oblongos, progresivamente más grandes hacia el segmento terminal, hojas superiores reducidas y frecuentemente enteras o casi así. Pétalos 1–1.5 cm de largo, amarillentos tornándose blancos; estambres tetradínamos. Silicuas indehiscentes, cilíndricas o casi así cuando frescas, tornándose acostilladas al secarse, estrechadas entre las semillas en la porción fértil, la cual es 2–4 cm de largo y 4–8 mm de ancho, un rostro estéril de 1–3 cm de largo se encuentra sobre la parte fértil; semillas esféricas, cotiledones conduplicados.

Maleza muy variable y ampliamente naturalizada. Otra especie, R. sativus L. ("Rábano"), frecuentemente escapa de cultivo y es una maleza temporal. Se distingue fácilmente de R. raphanistrum porque tiene flores rojizo-violetas y silicuas lisas y algo más gruesas. El género consta de una tercera especie de Líbano, Israel y Siria.

Seeds subspherical or ovoid, reddish-brown, pitted. Annual, biennial or perennial herbs with lyrate-pinnatifid, somewhat glaucous leaves. Flowers in terminal, ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect. Petals 4, unguiculate. Fruit jointed, the lowest joint (corresponding to the valves of a typical silique) short, slender, seedless, the upper joints containing the seeds, cylindric or moniliform and usually breaking transversely when ripe into 1-seeded joints, apex narrowed into a seedless beak. Stamens 6. Annual, biennial or perennial herbs with lyrate-pinnatifid, somewhat glaucous leaves. Flowers in terminal, ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect. Petals 4, unguiculate. Fruit jointed, the lowest joint (corresponding to the valves of a typical silique) short, slender, seedless, the upper joints containing the seeds, cylindric or moniliform and usually breaking transversely when ripe into 1-seeded joints, apex narrowed into a seedless beak. Stamens 6.

8. Raphanus L.

Por I.A.Al-Shehbaz y S.Fuentes-Soriano.

Hierbas anuales o bianuales. Tricomas simples. Hojascaulinares, enteras, delgadas, simples, no crasas, pecioladas o las másdistales subsésiles. Racimos numerosos con varias flores, ebracteados,alargados en fruto. Sépalos angostamente oblongos, erectos; pétalos obovados osuborbiculares, amarillos, blancos, rosados o color púrpura, con nervaduras másoscuras, el ápice redondeado o emarginado; estambres 6, marcadamentetetradínamos; nectarios 4, el par medial oblongo, el par lateral prismático;óvulos 2-22 por ovario. Silicuas o silículas indehiscentes, frecuentementelomentosas, las divisiones con 1 semilla por unidad, lineares, oblongas, ovoides,elipsoidales o lanceoladas, teretes o poligonales, el segmento apicalrudimentario, sin semillas, tan grueso o ligeramente más grueso que el pediceloo ausente, el segmento basal con pocas a numerosas semillas o sin semillas,suberoso, liso o marcadamente toruloso o moniliforme; replo ausente; septoausente; estilo prominente u obsoleto; estigma capitado, entero o escasamentebilobado; semillas oblongas, uniseriadas, sin alas, no mucilaginosas cuando sehumedecen; cotiledones conduplicados. 3 spp. Región mediterránea.

Bibliografía: Pistrick, K. Kulturpflanze35: 225-321 (1987). Schulz, O.E. Pflanzenr.IV.105(Heft 70): 194-210 (1919).

Herbs annual or biennial, scabrous or hispid, rarely glabrous. Trichomes simple. Stems erect or prostrate, simple or branched. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate or not, simple, dentate, lyrate, pinnatifid, or pinnatisect. Cauline leaves similar to basal, petiolate or uppermost subsessile. Racemes several flowered, ebracteate, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or reflexed. Sepals oblong or linear, erect, base of lateral pair saccate. Petals yellow, white, pink, or purple, usually with darker veins; blade obovate or suborbicular, apex rounded or emarginate; claw subequaling or longer than sepals. Stamens 6, strongly tetradynamous; filaments not dilated at base; anthers oblong or oblong-linear, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands 4; median pair oblong; lateral pair prismatic. Ovules 2-22 per ovary. Fruit indehiscent siliques or silicles, often lomentaceous, breaking into 1-seeded units, linear, oblong, ovoid, ellipsoid, or lanceolate, terete or polygonal, sessile, segmented; valvular segment rudimentary, seedless, as thick as or slightly thicker than pedicel, or absent; terminal segment few to many seeded, wingless, corky, smooth or strongly torulose or moniliform, ribbed longitudinally or not ribbed, antrorsely or retrorsely scabrous, or glabrous; replum absent; septum absent; style prominent or obsolete; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong, ovoid, or globose, plump; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate.

Ovary biarticulate; lower segment very short, upper segment long with 2–20 ovules; stigma capitate Lateral nectaries very small, median semiglobose or filiform Stamens 6; filaments linear; anthers linear, obtuse Petals white, yellow or ± violet, clawed Sepals erect, the inner larger and somewhat saccate Racemes terminal, ebracteate, ± corymbiform, with many rather large flowers, in fruit elongate, lax Leaves lyrate-pinnatipartite to pinnatifid Fruit a transversely articulate siliqua; lower segment usually stalk-like, very short, seedless; upper segment indehiscent, cylindrical, in transverse section circular, ± constricted between the seeds, sometimes lomentaceous (i.e. breaking up into 1-seeded portions); beak narrow, seedless Seeds ovoid to globose, reticulate to smooth. Annual to perennial herbs, ± hispid with simple hairs Lateral nectaries very small, median semiglobose or filiform Stamens 6; filaments linear; anthers linear, obtuse Petals white, yellow or ± violet, clawed Sepals erect, the inner larger and somewhat saccate Racemes terminal, ebracteate, ± corymbiform, with many rather large flowers, in fruit elongate, lax Leaves lyrate-pinnatipartite to pinnatifid Fruit a transversely articulate siliqua; lower segment usually stalk-like, very short, seedless; upper segment indehiscent, cylindrical, in transverse section circular, ± constricted between the seeds, sometimes lomentaceous (i.e. breaking up into 1-seeded portions); beak narrow, seedless Seeds ovoid to globose, reticulate to smooth. Annual to perennial herbs, ± hispid with simple hairs