Plants annual or perennial. Culms usually erect. Leaf sheath of cauline leaves split almost to base; ligule membranous or leathery-membranous; auricles present or absent; leaf blade usually flat. Spike dense, usually without a terminal spikelet; rachis short, brittle, rarely flexible. Spikelets usually 3 per node, in regular rows, with 1(or 2) florets; lateral spikelets usually pedicellate, rarely sessile, often reduced and much smaller than central spikelet; central spikelet usually sessile, rarely pedicellate, perfect. Glumes narrow, subulate-setaceous, sometimes lanceolate dilated at base, inconspicuously 1–3-veined, not keeled. Lemma subrounded abaxially, leathery, rarely leathery-membranous, 5-veined, not keeled, awned or awnless. Palea almost equaling lemma, glabrous, scabrous, or ciliate along keels. Lodicules broadly lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate. Caryopsis usually adnate to lemma and palea, rarely free, oblong, concave furrowed on inner side, apex hairy. x = 7. 60. Hordeum L. Por R.W. Pohl y G. Davidse. Anuales o perennes, cespitosas. Tallos simples. Hojas basales o caulinares; vainas con o sin aurículas; lígula una membrana; láminas lineares, aplanadas. Inflorescencia una espiga bilateral; raquis aplanado, articulado (persistente en especies cultivadas), cada nudo con una tríada de espiguillas, la tríada caediza como una unidad y con el entrenudo de abajo. Espiguilla central de cada tríada sésil o raramente pedicelada, comprimida dorsalmente, con 1 flósculo bisexual; glumas 2, aciculares o aplanadas, alargadas, abaxiales, 1-3-nervias; lema cartácea, redondeada en el dorso, inconspicuamente 5-nervia, acuminada o con una arista terminal; pálea tan larga como la lema, 2-carinada; raquilla extendida atrás de la pálea como una cerda desnuda; lodículas 2, pelosas o glabras; estambres 3; estilos 2; ovario peloso en el ápice. Fruto una cariopsis sulcada, retendida entre la lema y pálea; hilo linear. Espiguillas laterales estaminadas o estériles (a veces fértiles en H. vulgare), pediceladas, generalmente muy reducidas. 32 spp. Norte y Sudamérica templadas, Eurasia; algunas especies ampliamente naturalizadas como malezas en climas templados y mediterráneos. Bibliografía: Baum, B.R. y Bailey, L.G. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 2433-2442 (1990). Bothmer, R. von et al. Syst. Ecogeogr. Stud. Crop Genepools 7: 1-127 (1991). Spikelets 1(2)-fld, not disarticulating, borne in triads on opposite sides of the rachis, the lateral spikelets often pedicellate and sterile, the central one sessile and fertile; glumes elongate, awned or awn-like, setaceous throughout or widened at base, the 6 in each triad of spikelets forming a false invol to the florets; lemma of the lateral spikelets often reduced or abortive, that of the central spikelet indurate, obscurely veined, its rounded back turned away from the rachis, usually long-awned; rachilla prolonged behind the palea as a short bristle; grasses with mostly flat lvs, scarious, truncate ligules, and dense, bristly spikes which, except in H. vulgare, disarticulate at each joint. (Critesion) 35, widespread. Spikelets 1(2)-fld, not disarticulating, borne in triads on opposite sides of the rachis, the lateral spikelets often pedicellate and sterile, the central one sessile and fertile; glumes elongate, awned or awn-like, setaceous throughout or widened at base, the 6 in each triad of spikelets forming a false invol to the florets; lemma of the lateral spikelets often reduced or abortive, that of the central spikelet indurate, obscurely veined, its rounded back turned away from the rachis, usually long-awned; rachilla prolonged behind the palea as a short bristle; grasses with mostly flat lvs, scarious, truncate ligules, and dense, bristly spikes which, except in H. vulgare, disarticulate at each joint. (Critesion) 35, widespread. 60. Hordeum L. Por R.W. Pohl y G. Davidse. Anuales o perennes, cespitosas. Tallos simples. Hojas basales o caulinares; vainas con o sin aurículas; lígula una membrana; láminas lineares, aplanadas. Inflorescencia una espiga bilateral; raquis aplanado, articulado (persistente en especies cultivadas), cada nudo con una tríada de espiguillas, la tríada caediza como una unidad y con el entrenudo de abajo. Espiguilla central de cada tríada sésil o raramente pedicelada, comprimida dorsalmente, con 1 flósculo bisexual; glumas 2, aciculares o aplanadas, alargadas, abaxiales, 1-3-nervias; lema cartácea, redondeada en el dorso, inconspicuamente 5-nervia, acuminada o con una arista terminal; pálea tan larga como la lema, 2-carinada; raquilla extendida atrás de la pálea como una cerda desnuda; lodículas 2, pelosas o glabras; estambres 3; estilos 2; ovario peloso en el ápice. Fruto una cariopsis sulcada, retendida entre la lema y pálea; hilo linear. Espiguillas laterales estaminadas o estériles (a veces fértiles en H. vulgare), pediceladas, generalmente muy reducidas. 32 spp. Norte y Sudamérica templadas, Eurasia; algunas especies ampliamente naturalizadas como malezas en climas templados y mediterráneos. Bibliografía: Baum, B.R. y Bailey, L.G. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 2433-2442 (1990). Bothmer, R. von et al. Syst. Ecogeogr. Stud. Crop Genepools 7: 1-127 (1991). Plants annual or perennial. Culms usually erect. Leaf sheath of cauline leaves split almost to base; ligule membranous or leathery-membranous; auricles present or absent; leaf blade usually flat. Spike dense, usually without a terminal spikelet; rachis short, brittle, rarely flexible. Spikelets usually 3 per node, in regular rows, with 1(or 2) florets; lateral spikelets usually pedicellate, rarely sessile, often reduced and much smaller than central spikelet; central spikelet usually sessile, rarely pedicellate, perfect. Glumes narrow, subulate-setaceous, sometimes lanceolate dilated at base, inconspicuously 1–3-veined, not keeled. Lemma subrounded abaxially, leathery, rarely leathery-membranous, 5-veined, not keeled, awned or awnless. Palea almost equaling lemma, glabrous, scabrous, or ciliate along keels. Lodicules broadly lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate. Caryopsis usually adnate to lemma and palea, rarely free, oblong, concave furrowed on inner side, apex hairy. x = 7.General Information
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Northeastern Flora
General InformationFlora Mesoamericana
General InformationFlora of China @ efloras.org
General Information
