The World Flora Online

Pendent from branches of trees at moderate altitudes; Chiapas, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz.—Mexico to northern South America; West Indies. Range. Central Mexico south through Central America, Colombia and Venezuela south to Bolivia; Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), Puerto Rico, Saba, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique; growing on twigs or less often tree trunks and rocks, in humid forests, at (500-)750-2000 m. Range. Central Mexico south through Central America, Colombia and Venezuela south to Bolivia; Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), Puerto Rico, Saba, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique; growing on twigs or less often tree trunks and rocks, in humid forests, at (500-)750-2000 m.

Plants pale-green, yellowish, or brownish, sometimes tinged with black. Secondary stems up to 20 cm long. Stem leaves 0.5-1.5 x 0.3-0.8 mm, oblong-ovate, abruptly apiculate; margins entire or serrulate above; apical cells 4—8 x 1-2.5 µm; median cells 14.5-24 x 1-1.5 µm; basal cells ± pitted, 4-10 x 2.5-6.5 µm. Branches julaceous, up to 5 cm long. Branch leaves loosely imbricate or erect-spreading, abruptly apiculate to short-acuminate; 0.7-1.4 x 0.3-1.1 mm; apical cells 4-7 x 1.5-2.5 µm; median cells 14-22 x 1-1.5 µm; basal cells 3-10 x 2.5-10 µm; alar cells quadrate to short-rectangular, firm-walled. Capsules immersed; exostome smooth below, lightly papillose above. Calyptrae sparsely hairy. Plants medium-sized, in lustrous, mostly soft, bright- to yellow-green, often black-tinged colonies. Stems creeping or pendent, to 45 cm long, but mostly ca. 15-20 cm, slender, freely branched, the branches laxly to densely spaced, simple, mostly ± seriate-foliate, 0.6-1 (-2) cm long; in cross-section with 2-5 rows of small thick-walled cells surrounding larger firm-walled cells, central strand weak, of small thin-walled cells; paraphyllia absent; pseudo-paraphyllia broadly foliose; axillary hairs with a single short brown basal cell and 2-3 elongate hyaline distal cells. Stem and branch leaves differentiated, stem leaves clasping the stems, erect-spreading with spreading to squarrose long-apiculate apices, shortly and broadly oblong-ovate to deltoid, 1-2 mm long, branch leaves erect-spreading, ± seriately arranged, broadly oblong-ovate, 0.6-1.7 mm long, abruptly apiculate to short-acute, all leaves concave, long-decurrent, weakly to not cordate at base; margins subentire to serrulate, mostly broadly incurved above; costa single, slender, sometimes difficult to demonstrate, ending above midleaf but well below the acumen; cells linear-flexuose, ca. 15:1, smooth, thick-walled, scarcely porose; alar cells subquadrate or less often short-rectangular, firm-walled, in ± excavate groups but not inflated, extending up the margins in 6-8(-10) rows. Asexual propagula none. Dioicous. Perichaetia conspicuous, on branches; leaves differentiated, erect, convolute below, spreading above, oblong-lanceolate, 5-6.5 mm long, gradually long-acuminate to long-loriform; margins subentire to subserrulate, plane; costa none or single and very weak, ending below midleaf; cells linear, smooth, firm-walled, porose, becoming shorter and broader toward the insertion. Setae very short, smooth, reddish, 0.2-0.3 mm long; capsules immersed, erect, symmetric, cylindric, 2-2.5 mm long; exothecial cells short-rectangular, firm-walled, becoming smaller and ± oblate toward the mouth; annulus of 2-3 rows of small thick-walled cells, tardily deciduous; operculum short-rostrate, 1.5 mm long; exostome teeth linear-triangular, on the front surface ± smooth below, coarsely papillose above, scarcely trabeculate at back; endostome with a medium-high, ± smooth basal membrane, segments smooth below, coarsely papillose above, keeled, narrowly perforate, cilia none. Spores spherical, finely papillose, 17-23 µm diam. Calyptrae mitrate, sparsely erect-hairy, smooth. Plants medium-sized, in lustrous, mostly soft, bright- to yellow-green, often black-tinged colonies. Stems creeping or pendent, to 45 cm long, but mostly ca. 15-20 cm, slender, freely branched, the branches laxly to densely spaced, simple, mostly ± seriate-foliate, 0.6-1 (-2) cm long; in cross-section with 2-5 rows of small thick-walled cells surrounding larger firm-walled cells, central strand weak, of small thin-walled cells; paraphyllia absent; pseudo-paraphyllia broadly foliose; axillary hairs with a single short brown basal cell and 2-3 elongate hyaline distal cells. Stem and branch leaves differentiated, stem leaves clasping the stems, erect-spreading with spreading to squarrose long-apiculate apices, shortly and broadly oblong-ovate to deltoid, 1-2 mm long, branch leaves erect-spreading, ± seriately arranged, broadly oblong-ovate, 0.6-1.7 mm long, abruptly apiculate to short-acute, all leaves concave, long-decurrent, weakly to not cordate at base; margins subentire to serrulate, mostly broadly incurved above; costa single, slender, sometimes difficult to demonstrate, ending above midleaf but well below the acumen; cells linear-flexuose, ca. 15:1, smooth, thick-walled, scarcely porose; alar cells subquadrate or less often short-rectangular, firm-walled, in ± excavate groups but not inflated, extending up the margins in 6-8(-10) rows. Asexual propagula none. Dioicous. Perichaetia conspicuous, on branches; leaves differentiated, erect, convolute below, spreading above, oblong-lanceolate, 5-6.5 mm long, gradually long-acuminate to long-loriform; margins subentire to subserrulate, plane; costa none or single and very weak, ending below midleaf; cells linear, smooth, firm-walled, porose, becoming shorter and broader toward the insertion. Setae very short, smooth, reddish, 0.2-0.3 mm long; capsules immersed, erect, symmetric, cylindric, 2-2.5 mm long; exothecial cells short-rectangular, firm-walled, becoming smaller and ± oblate toward the mouth; annulus of 2-3 rows of small thick-walled cells, tardily deciduous; operculum short-rostrate, 1.5 mm long; exostome teeth linear-triangular, on the front surface ± smooth below, coarsely papillose above, scarcely trabeculate at back; endostome with a medium-high, ± smooth basal membrane, segments smooth below, coarsely papillose above, keeled, narrowly perforate, cilia none. Spores spherical, finely papillose, 17-23 µm diam. Calyptrae mitrate, sparsely erect-hairy, smooth.

Plants small to medium-sized, creeping or pendent, corticolous or saxicolous. Primary stems to 45 cm long; stems in cross section with 2–5 rows of small, thick-walled, yellow to red epidermal cells, cortical cells enlarged, thin-walled, hyaline, central strand small (occasionally absent). Secondary stems pendent, erect or becoming adnate to the substrate, identical to primary stems. Primary branches to 0.5–2.0 cm long, occurring singly or in well-separated, fasciculate groups of 2–4. Stem and branch leaves weakly dimorphic. Stem leaves 1.0–2.0 # 0.7–1.2 mm, laxly appressed, well spaced, broadly ovate, occasionally deltoid, not or weakly cordate at base, abruptly constricted to long apiculi or hair-points, strongly decurrent; margins entire or serrulate, plane or incurved above; costae single, weak; median cells linear-flexuose, 32–100 # 2.5–4.0 µm, firm-walled, not or rarely incrassate; alar cells strongly differentiated, short-rectangular to quadrate, in bulging excavate groups, orange yellow to hyaline. Branch leaves 0.6–1.7 mm long, loosely imbricate to erect-spreading, some-times in distinct spiral rows, broadly oblong-ovate, abruptly apiculate to short-acute, apices recurved; margins plane below, broadly inflexed above, serrulate above; cells as in stem leaves. Dioicous. Setae red, 0.2–0.3 mm long, smooth. Capsules immersed, erect, ellipsoid, 2.0–2.5 # 1.3 mm; exothecial cells quadrate to oblate at the mouth, irregularly rectangular below, firm-walled; stomata on neck; op-ercula 1.5 mm long, shortly rostrate; annuli rudimentary, deciduous, of several rows of thick-walled cells; exostome teeth linear, smooth below, lightly papillose above; endostome lightly papillose throughout, basal membranes 0.12–0.15 mm high, segments linear, not or sometimes narrowly per-forate, cilia absent. Spores round to oblong, 15–35 µm, lightly papillose. Calyptrae mitrate, 1.7–1.8 mm, long, lightly hairy.