Plants evergreen, medium-sized. Rhizome creeping, black, apex densely scaly, with dense black-brown, stiff roots on adaxial side; scales black, linear-lanceolate, thick, margin minutely toothed; fronds approximate. Fertile fronds up to 1.3 m; stipe black at base, upward brown-stramineous or green-stramineous, up to 65 cm, 2-3 mm in diam., base sparsely scaly, scales similar to those on rhizome, upward glabrous, shallowly grooved adaxially; lamina 1-pinnate with pinnae pinnatisect or lower pinnae 2-pinnate, deltoid, up to 65 × 50 cm, apex acuminate; pinnae usually 8-12 pairs, slightly ascending, alternate; lower pinnae usually opposite or subopposite, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, up to 20 × 8 cm, with stalk up to 4 cm, base truncate, pinnatisect or 1-pinnate, apex long acuminate; upper pinnae lanceolate, base broadly cuneate, shortly stalked or sessile, pinnatifid to pinnatipartite; free pinnules up to 5 pairs, alternate, sessile, sickle-shaped lanceolate, occasionally oblong, up to 5 cm × 5-15 mm at base, margin dentate or pinnatilobate, apex acuminate or rounded; veins pinnate, prominent on adaxial surface, visible abaxially, veinlets usually forked, ascending, reaching lobe margin. Lamina firmly papery when dry, light green or gray-green abaxially, dark green or pale brown-green adaxially, glabrous on both surfaces; rachis brown-stramineous or green-stramineous, costae and costules green-stramineous, glabrous. Sori shortly linear, usually single or double, ascending, not reaching margin; indusia brown when mature, membranous, entire, opening acroscopically, persistent. Spores subreniform, perispore prominent, few rugate, with granular ornamentation. Rhizome short-creeping; scales dark brown, up to 20 by 1.2 mm, toothed. Stipe about 40 cm long, green to stramineous with dark basal portion. Frond subtriangular, about 45 cm long and wide, bipinnatifid to bipinnate; pinnae stalked, basal pinnae the largest, oblong with acuminate apex, more than 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, with stalks of about 3 cm long, upper pinnae gradually becoming smaller upwards; pinnules narrowing towards acuminate apex, falcate, cordate to decurrent at base, lobed to ⅓ way towards costules, the posterior pinnules usually decurrent to the next ones; chartaceous, deep green; veins pinnate with 2–4 pairs of simple veinlets. Sori usually on basal veinlets, crescentic or diplazioid. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest at 1000–1400 m alt., rather rare. On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest at 1000–1400 m alt., rather rare. Thailand, Indochina (type), Ryukyu, and Taiwan. Rhizome short-creeping; scales dark brown, up to 20 by 1.2 mm, toothed. Stipe about 40 cm long, green to stramineous with dark basal portion. Frond subtriangular, about 45 cm long and wide, bipinnatifid to bipinnate; pinnae stalked, basal pinnae the largest, oblong with acuminate apex, more than 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, with stalks of about 3 cm long, upper pinnae gradually becoming smaller upwards; pinnules narrowing towards acuminate apex, falcate, cordate to decurrent at base, lobed to ⅓ way towards costules, the posterior pinnules usually decurrent to the next ones; chartaceous, deep green; veins pinnate with 2–4 pairs of simple veinlets. Sori usually on basal veinlets, crescentic or diplazioid. Plants evergreen, medium-sized. Rhizome creeping, black, apex densely scaly, with dense black-brown, stiff roots on adaxial side; scales black, linear-lanceolate, thick, margin minutely toothed; fronds approximate. Fertile fronds up to 1.3 m; stipe black at base, upward brown-stramineous or green-stramineous, up to 65 cm, 2-3 mm in diam., base sparsely scaly, scales similar to those on rhizome, upward glabrous, shallowly grooved adaxially; lamina 1-pinnate with pinnae pinnatisect or lower pinnae 2-pinnate, deltoid, up to 65 × 50 cm, apex acuminate; pinnae usually 8-12 pairs, slightly ascending, alternate; lower pinnae usually opposite or subopposite, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, up to 20 × 8 cm, with stalk up to 4 cm, base truncate, pinnatisect or 1-pinnate, apex long acuminate; upper pinnae lanceolate, base broadly cuneate, shortly stalked or sessile, pinnatifid to pinnatipartite; free pinnules up to 5 pairs, alternate, sessile, sickle-shaped lanceolate, occasionally oblong, up to 5 cm × 5-15 mm at base, margin dentate or pinnatilobate, apex acuminate or rounded; veins pinnate, prominent on adaxial surface, visible abaxially, veinlets usually forked, ascending, reaching lobe margin. Lamina firmly papery when dry, light green or gray-green abaxially, dark green or pale brown-green adaxially, glabrous on both surfaces; rachis brown-stramineous or green-stramineous, costae and costules green-stramineous, glabrous. Sori shortly linear, usually single or double, ascending, not reaching margin; indusia brown when mature, membranous, entire, opening acroscopically, persistent. Spores subreniform, perispore prominent, few rugate, with granular ornamentation.General Information
Source: [
Source: [
Ecology
Source: [
e-Flora of Thailand
EcologyFlora of China @ efloras.org
General Information
