Local Descriptions
General Information
Rhizome stout, 4-10(-20) × (0.8-)1-1.5(-3) cm, aromatic; roots at lower side of rhizome. Leaves several, mid-green, often reddish at base, ensiform, (60-)70-100(-150) × (0.7-)1-2(-2.5) cm (mostly 1-1.5 cm wide), apex acuminate; midrib conspicuous on both sides. Peduncle compressed triangular, (15-)40-50 cm. Spathe mid-green, leaflike, 30-50 cm, acute. Spadix straight or slightly curved, erect, oblique, narrowly conic to subcylindric (tapering toward apex), 4.5-6.5(-8) × 0.6-1.2(-1.5) cm, densely flowered. Flowers yellowish green, 1.8-2 mm in diam. seen from above; tepals oblong, 2.5-3 × 1-1.2(-1.4) mm, keeled, membranous, apex triangular hooded; filaments oblong, flat, 2-2.5 × 0.3-0.5 mm, anthers cream-colored, 0.4-0.5 mm in diam.; pollen grains ca. 20 µm, exine shallowly and remotely foveolate; gynoecium obconic-cylindric, 2.5-3.5(-4) × (0.8-)1-2.3 mm, with conic, spongy apex and stigma very small. Infructescence 1.5-2 cm in diam., straw-brown at maturity, berries densely arranged. Berry oblong-obovoid, 1- to few seeded, (3.5-)4-4.5 × 2-3(-3.5) mm. Seed oblong-ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5-3(-4) × 1-1.2(-1.8) mm, without bristles; testa light brown, subsmooth and slightly foveolate. Fl. (Feb-)Apr-Sep. 2n = 24, 36, 48.
Provided by: [G].Flora of China @ efloras.orgLeaves basally white with pink or red, otherwise bright green; single midvein (secondary midrib) prominently raised above leaf surface, usually somewhat off-center, other veins barely or not raised; cross section rhomboid. Vegetative leaves to 1.75 m; sheathing base (proximal part of leaf) 22.1--66.5(--73.3) cm; distal part of leaf 31.9--95.8(--117.6) ´ 0.5--2 cm, 1.4--1.8 times longer than proximal part of leaf, margins sometimes undulate or crisped. Sympodial leaf (29.9--)34.7--159.1(--183.9) cm, usually shorter than to nearly equal to vegetative leaves; sheathing base 16.1--76.4(--100.1) cm; distal part of leaf 13.5--86.2(--101.2) ´ 0.4--1.9 cm. Spadix (3.8--)4.9--8.9 cm ´ 5.3--10.8 mm at anthesis, post-anthesis spadix 5.5--8.7 cm ´ 6--12.6 mm. Flowers 3--4 mm; pollen grains not staining in aniline blue. Fruits not produced in North America. 2n = 36.
Provided by: [F].Flora of North America @ efloras.orgPerennial herb up to 80 cm tall. Rootstock stout, 1-1.5 cm broad, creeping, with long fibrous roots from the lower surface. Stem erect, glabrous, grooved at one side, and ribbed at the opposite. Leaves ensiform or linear, 55-100 x 8-1.5 cm. Spathe leaf-like, up to 46 cm long, not enclosing the spadix. Spadix 5-6.5 cm long, cylindrical, obtuse, 1-1.4 cm broad. Tepals c. 2 mm long, oblong-obovate, slightly curved, margin membranous, surface with embedded raphides. Filaments 2 mm long, flat, anthers less than 1 mm long, ± orbicular. Ovary 3 mm long, obconical; seeds obconical, 2 mm long,
Provided by: [C].Flora of PakistanSweetly aromatic; lvs crowded at the base, erect, to 2 m, 8–25 mm wide; scape resembling the lvs, prolonged into an erect green spathe 2–6 dm; spadix 5–10 cm, 1 cm thick at anthesis, 2 cm at maturity, covered with yellowish-brown fls; fr 4–5 × 2 mm; 2n=18, 24, 36, 48. Swamps and shallow water; irregularly circumboreal, in Amer. from N.S. and Que. to Minn., Alta., and e. Wash., s. to Fla., Tex., and Colo. Spring and early summer. (A. americanus)
Provided by: [D].Northeastern FloraMorphology
Dallanmış, kalın, rizomlara sahip bitkiler. Rizomlar 6-21 x 1-4,5 cm, uzun silindirimsi ilâ dar konimsi-silindirimsi, kahverengi, ıtırlı. Yapraklar 22-130 x 0,4-1,2 cm, distih, kılıcına, kılıçsı, keskin kenarlı, belirgin damarlı, genellikle tabanda kırmızımsı, ıtırlı. Çiçekdurumu sapı basık üçyüzlü, yaprak benzeri, 14-115 x 0,4-1,2 cm. Sıpata 28-82 x 0,7-1 cm, dik duruşlu, dökülmez, yapraklara benzer. Koçan 3,5-7,5 × 0,7-1,2 cm düz veya kıvrık, yukarı yönlü dar açılı, dar koniksi ilâ silindirik; ucu küt, yoğun çiçekli. Çiçekler erselik, bıraktesiz, sarımsı-yeşil ilâ hafifçe kahverengi. Tepal 6 adet, dikdörtgensi, 1,5-2,5 x 1-1,2 mm. Erkek organlar 6 adet; filâmentler 1,8-2,4 x 0,4-0,6 mm, şeritsi; anterler kırem ilâ kirli beyaz, 0,3-0,4 mm. Ginokeum 2-3,2 x 1,2-1,5 mm, terskonik ilâ dikdörtgensi, açık ilâ koyu yeşil; sitigma çok küçük, sapsız.
Provided by: [H].The Illustrated Flora of TurkeyIrish Vernacular NamesPflanze aromatisch riechend. 50–150 cm hoch. Stängel 3kantig, 2zeilig beblättert. Blätter lineal, steif aufrecht, 0,5–2 cm breit. Blütenstand ein scheinbar seitenständiger, 4–10 cm langer Kolben, aus kleinen, zwittrigen Blüten bestehend. Perigon
Provided by: [E].Flora HelveticaPerennial herb, up to 2 m high. Leaves distichous; blade linear to sword-shaped, 0.8-2.0 m long, ± 10 mm wide, margins undulate. Flowers: densely congested on a lateral spadix, up to 90 mm long; spathe leaf-shaped, green like spadix; perianth 3-4 mm long, yellowish green; Feb., Mar. Perennial herb. Strongly pungent aromatic oils present in all parts of plant. Leaves sword-shaped, 0.8-2.0 m long. Spathe leaf-shaped and green like spadix. Spadix appears lateral, green.
Provided by: [B].e-Flora of South AfricaEcology
6. Röhricht, Sumpfgräben, kollin-montan. M, selten J, AN.
Provided by: [E].Flora HelveticaHabitat
Vredefort Dome Savanna. Wet swampy areas, disturbed streambanks, perennial shallow, slow-flowing or stagnant water. Shallow, slow-flowing or stagnant water adjoining streambank edges, swamp areas.
Provided by: [B].e-Flora of South AfricaFlora of North America @ efloras.org
LiteratureSELECTED REFERENCE
Motley, T. J. 1994. The ethnobotany of sweet flag, Acorus calamus (Araceae). Econ. Bot. 48: 397--412.
Leaves basally white with pink or red, otherwise bright green; single midvein (secondary midrib) prominently raised above leaf surface, usually somewhat off-center, other veins barely or not raised; cross section rhomboid. Vegetative leaves to 1.75 m; sheathing base (proximal part of leaf) 22.1--66.5(--73.3) cm; distal part of leaf 31.9--95.8(--117.6) ´ 0.5--2 cm, 1.4--1.8 times longer than proximal part of leaf, margins sometimes undulate or crisped. Sympodial leaf (29.9--)34.7--159.1(--183.9) cm, usually shorter than to nearly equal to vegetative leaves; sheathing base 16.1--76.4(--100.1) cm; distal part of leaf 13.5--86.2(--101.2) ´ 0.4--1.9 cm. Spadix (3.8--)4.9--8.9 cm ´ 5.3--10.8 mm at anthesis, post-anthesis spadix 5.5--8.7 cm ´ 6--12.6 mm. Flowers 3--4 mm; pollen grains not staining in aniline blue. Fruits not produced in North America. 2n = 36.
Flora of Pakistan
General InformationPerennial herb up to 80 cm tall. Rootstock stout, 1-1.5 cm broad, creeping, with long fibrous roots from the lower surface. Stem erect, glabrous, grooved at one side, and ribbed at the opposite. Leaves ensiform or linear, 55-100 x 8-1.5 cm. Spathe leaf-like, up to 46 cm long, not enclosing the spadix. Spadix 5-6.5 cm long, cylindrical, obtuse, 1-1.4 cm broad. Tepals c. 2 mm long, oblong-obovate, slightly curved, margin membranous, surface with embedded raphides. Filaments 2 mm long, flat, anthers less than 1 mm long, ± orbicular. Ovary 3 mm long, obconical; seeds obconical, 2 mm long,
e-Flora of South Africa
MorphologyPerennial herb, up to 2 m high. Leaves distichous; blade linear to sword-shaped, 0.8-2.0 m long, ± 10 mm wide, margins undulate. Flowers: densely congested on a lateral spadix, up to 90 mm long; spathe leaf-shaped, green like spadix; perianth 3-4 mm long, yellowish green; Feb., Mar. Perennial herb. Strongly pungent aromatic oils present in all parts of plant. Leaves sword-shaped, 0.8-2.0 m long. Spathe leaf-shaped and green like spadix. Spadix appears lateral, green. Perennial herb. Strongly pungent aromatic oils present in all parts of plant. Leaves sword-shaped, 0.8-2.0 m long. Spathe leaf-shaped and green like spadix. Spadix appears lateral, green.
Vredefort Dome Savanna. Wet swampy areas, disturbed streambanks, perennial shallow, slow-flowing or stagnant water. Shallow, slow-flowing or stagnant water adjoining streambank edges, swamp areas. Shallow, slow-flowing or stagnant water adjoining streambank edges, swamp areas.
Native to Asia. Native to Europe and Asia. Native to Europe and Asia.
Northeastern Flora
General InformationSweetly aromatic; lvs crowded at the base, erect, to 2 m, 8–25 mm wide; scape resembling the lvs, prolonged into an erect green spathe 2–6 dm; spadix 5–10 cm, 1 cm thick at anthesis, 2 cm at maturity, covered with yellowish-brown fls; fr 4–5 × 2 mm; 2n=18, 24, 36, 48. Swamps and shallow water; irregularly circumboreal, in Amer. from N.S. and Que. to Minn., Alta., and e. Wash., s. to Fla., Tex., and Colo. Spring and early summer. (A. americanus)
Flora Helvetica
MorphologyPflanze aromatisch riechend. 50–150 cm hoch. Stängel 3kantig, 2zeilig beblättert. Blätter lineal, steif aufrecht, 0,5–2 cm breit. Blütenstand ein scheinbar seitenständiger, 4–10 cm langer Kolben, aus kleinen, zwittrigen Blüten bestehend. Perigon
6. Röhricht, Sumpfgräben, kollin-montan. M, selten J, AN.
The Illustrated Flora of TurkeyIrish Vernacular Names
MorphologyDallanmış, kalın, rizomlara sahip bitkiler. Rizomlar 6-21 x 1-4,5 cm, uzun silindirimsi ilâ dar konimsi-silindirimsi, kahverengi, ıtırlı. Yapraklar 22-130 x 0,4-1,2 cm, distih, kılıcına, kılıçsı, keskin kenarlı, belirgin damarlı, genellikle tabanda kırmızımsı, ıtırlı. Çiçekdurumu sapı basık üçyüzlü, yaprak benzeri, 14-115 x 0,4-1,2 cm. Sıpata 28-82 x 0,7-1 cm, dik duruşlu, dökülmez, yapraklara benzer. Koçan 3,5-7,5 × 0,7-1,2 cm düz veya kıvrık, yukarı yönlü dar açılı, dar koniksi ilâ silindirik; ucu küt, yoğun çiçekli. Çiçekler erselik, bıraktesiz, sarımsı-yeşil ilâ hafifçe kahverengi. Tepal 6 adet, dikdörtgensi, 1,5-2,5 x 1-1,2 mm. Erkek organlar 6 adet; filâmentler 1,8-2,4 x 0,4-0,6 mm, şeritsi; anterler kırem ilâ kirli beyaz, 0,3-0,4 mm. Ginokeum 2-3,2 x 1,2-1,5 mm, terskonik ilâ dikdörtgensi, açık ilâ koyu yeşil; sitigma çok küçük, sapsız.
Flora of China @ efloras.org
General InformationRhizome stout, 4-10(-20) × (0.8-)1-1.5(-3) cm, aromatic; roots at lower side of rhizome. Leaves several, mid-green, often reddish at base, ensiform, (60-)70-100(-150) × (0.7-)1-2(-2.5) cm (mostly 1-1.5 cm wide), apex acuminate; midrib conspicuous on both sides. Peduncle compressed triangular, (15-)40-50 cm. Spathe mid-green, leaflike, 30-50 cm, acute. Spadix straight or slightly curved, erect, oblique, narrowly conic to subcylindric (tapering toward apex), 4.5-6.5(-8) × 0.6-1.2(-1.5) cm, densely flowered. Flowers yellowish green, 1.8-2 mm in diam. seen from above; tepals oblong, 2.5-3 × 1-1.2(-1.4) mm, keeled, membranous, apex triangular hooded; filaments oblong, flat, 2-2.5 × 0.3-0.5 mm, anthers cream-colored, 0.4-0.5 mm in diam.; pollen grains ca. 20 µm, exine shallowly and remotely foveolate; gynoecium obconic-cylindric, 2.5-3.5(-4) × (0.8-)1-2.3 mm, with conic, spongy apex and stigma very small. Infructescence 1.5-2 cm in diam., straw-brown at maturity, berries densely arranged. Berry oblong-obovoid, 1- to few seeded, (3.5-)4-4.5 × 2-3(-3.5) mm. Seed oblong-ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5-3(-4) × 1-1.2(-1.8) mm, without bristles; testa light brown, subsmooth and slightly foveolate. Fl. (Feb-)Apr-Sep. 2n = 24, 36, 48.
