The World Flora Online

Annuals or biennials, 10–120(–200+) cm. Stem bases soft, herbaceous, hollow. Leaves: blades of mid cauline spatulate or oblong to obovate or lanceolate, 6–30 × 1–15 cm, bases auriculate, auricles often recurved or curled, rounded, margins often pinnately lobed, lobes ± deltate (not constricted at bases), terminals usually larger than laterals, usually prickly-dentate. Peduncles usually stipitate-glandular, sometimes glabrous. Involucres 9–13+ mm. Phyllaries usually stipitate-glandular. Corollas: ligules mostly shorter than tubes. Cypselae stramineous to reddish brown, mostly ellipsoid, strongly compressed, ± winged, 2–3 mm, ribs 3(–5) on each face, faces smooth across and between ribs; pappi 6–9 mm. 2n = 18.

Herbe' annuelle à bisannuelle, de 10-120 cm de haut, glabre ou glanduleuse-poilue dans le haut; racine pivotante.' Feuilles' caulinaires de 5-25 × 3-8 cm, indivises à pennatiséquées, à dents généralement ± rigides et spinescentes, souvent luisantes sur la face supérieure, à oreillettes basilaires arrondies à obtuses, involutées et appliquées contre la tige. Capitules ± nombreux, ± en corymbes terminaux; involucre de 35-45 bractées, les externes de 2-6 × 1-2 mm, souvent glanduleuses-poilues, les intermédiaires de 10-13 × 0,8-1,2 mm.' Fleurs 80-300 par capitule; corolle à tube d'environ 6 mm de long et à ligule d'environ 4 mm de long. Akènes à corps de 2-3 × 1-1,5 mm, ± elliptique, à 3 côtes par face; pappus environ 3 fois aussi long que le corps de l'akène, ± caduc. Herbe' annuelle à bisannuelle, de 10-120 cm de haut, glabre ou glanduleuse-poilue dans le haut; racine pivotante.' Feuilles' caulinaires de 5-25 × 3-8 cm, indivises à pennatiséquées, à dents généralement ± rigides et spinescentes, souvent luisantes sur la face supérieure, à oreillettes basilaires arrondies à obtuses, involutées et appliquées contre la tige. Capitules ± nombreux, ± en corymbes terminaux; involucre de 35-45 bractées, les externes de 2-6 × 1-2 mm, souvent glanduleuses-poilues, les intermédiaires de 10-13 × 0,8-1,2 mm.' Fleurs 80-300 par capitule; corolle à tube d'environ 6 mm de long et à ligule d'environ 4 mm de long. Akènes à corps de 2-3 × 1-1,5 mm, ± elliptique, à 3 côtes par face; pappus environ 3 fois aussi long que le corps de l'akène, ± caduc. Herbe' annuelle à bisannuelle, de 10-120 cm de haut, glabre ou glanduleuse-poilue dans le haut; racine pivotante.' Feuilles' caulinaires de 5-25 × 3-8 cm, indivises à pennatiséquées, à dents généralement ± rigides et spinescentes, souvent luisantes sur la face supérieure, à oreillettes basilaires arrondies à obtuses, involutées et appliquées contre la tige. Capitules ± nombreux, ± en corymbes terminaux; involucre de 35-45 bractées, les externes de 2-6 × 1-2 mm, souvent glanduleuses-poilues, les intermédiaires de 10-13 × 0,8-1,2 mm.' Fleurs 80-300 par capitule; corolle à tube d'environ 6 mm de long et à ligule d'environ 4 mm de long. Akènes à corps de 2-3 × 1-1,5 mm, ± elliptique, à 3 côtes par face; pappus environ 3 fois aussi long que le corps de l'akène, ± caduc.

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 47. 1769; S. oleraceus var. asper L.

Tallos 0.1–2 m de largo, solitarios y a veces ramificados, parte superior frecuentemente con tricomas glandulares. Hojas obovadas, oblanceoladas o espatuladas, 6–24 cm de largo, auriculadas en la base, márgenes enteros a pinnatífidos, los lobos triangular-ovados a lineares, aculeados. Capitulescencias de panículas con muchos capítulos, pedúnculos y pedicelos a veces con tricomas glandulares; capítulos 15–30 mm de ancho; filarias en 4 series, lanceoladas, 10–15 mm de largo, imbricadas, ápice glabro a ciliado. Aquenios elípticos a ampliamente oblanceolados, muy comprimidos, alados, acostillados, lisos entre las costillas, margen y costillas con espinas; vilano 6–9 mm de largo.

Maleza poco común en orillas de caminos, zona norcentral; 900–1400 m; fl y fr ene–sep; Stevens 11455, 11877; maleza cosmopolita, introducida de Europa, común en áreas templadas.

Caule: planta(s) de caule(s) herbáceo(s) glanduloso(s) pubescente(s) na(s) parte superior(es). Folha: folha(s) inferior(es) lirado(s) - pinatifida(s)/margem(ns) do limbo espinuloso(s); folha(s) superior(es) com aurícula(s) arredondada(s) e espinescente(s). Inflorescência: capítulo(s) em cima(s) umbeliforme(s) terminal(ais). Flor: flor(es) com lígula(s) amarela. Fruto: cipsela(s) não rugosa(s). Stem: plant of the branch herbaceous glandulose pubescent on the part upper. Leaf: leaf lower lyrate - pinnatifid/margin of the limb spinulose; leaf upper with auricule rounded and spinescent. Inflorescence: capitulum in cyme umbelliform terminal. Flower: flower with ligule yellow. Fruit: cypsela not rugose. Tallo: planta(s) de caule(s) herbaceo(s) glanduloso(s) pubescente(s) en la(s) parte superior(es). Hoja: hoja(s) inferior(es) lirado(s) - pinatifida(s)/margen(es) del limbo espinuloso(s); hoja(s) superior(es) con aurícula(s) arredondada(s) y espinescente(s). Inflorescencia: capítulo(s) en cima(s) umbeliforme(s) terminal(es). Flor: flor(es) con lígula(s) amarilla. Fruto: cipsela(s) no rugosa(s). Stem: plant of the branch herbaceous glandulose pubescent on the part upper. Leaf: leaf lower lyrate - pinnatifid/margin of the limb spinulose; leaf upper with auricule rounded and spinescent. Inflorescence: capitulum in cyme umbelliform terminal. Flower: flower with ligule yellow. Fruit: cypsela not rugose. Tallo: planta(s) de caule(s) herbaceo(s) glanduloso(s) pubescente(s) en la(s) parte superior(es). Hoja: hoja(s) inferior(es) lirado(s) - pinatifida(s)/margen(es) del limbo espinuloso(s); hoja(s) superior(es) con aurícula(s) arredondada(s) y espinescente(s). Inflorescencia: capítulo(s) en cima(s) umbeliforme(s) terminal(es). Flor: flor(es) con lígula(s) amarilla. Fruto: cipsela(s) no rugosa(s).

Terrícola

Erva

Simple, erect, annual or perennial herb, up to 1.5 m high, with milky latex. Stems hollow, reddish purple-tinged, glabrous or sometimes ± densely glandular-setose. Leaves in a basal rosette, as well as alternate upwards (subsp. glaucescens), glabrous, oblanceo- late-panduriform, seldom pinnatifid, sinuate-dentate to runcinate-pinnatilobed, apices acute, margins irregularly dentate, basal auricles rounded and appressed, semi-am- plexicaul, margins spinulose-dentate, lower leaves exauriculate and with petiole-like midribs, upper leaves smaller and sessile. Capitula ligulate, stalked, in corymbi- form, cymose clusters; involucral bracts in many rows, imbricate, densely white-tomentose at base, soon glabrescent. Florets 5-lobed, pale yellow. Flowering time Aug., Nov. Pappus of many, white, barbellate bristles intermixed with down-like hairs. Cypselae reddish brown, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, strongly compressed with broad marginal wings which are ciliate and recurved, body ribbed and rugulose, < 3 mm long. Annual or sometimes perennial herb, erect, 0.2-2 m high; stems sparsely branched, stout, hollow, ribbed, reddish-purple proximally, glabrous or sometimes densely glandular-setose. Leaves glaucous, sometimes reddish, oblanceolate or slightly panduriform in outline, 4-32 cm long, 1-9 cm wide, base amplexicaul with large, rounded auricles except in the most basal leaves which are attenuate at base, margins dentate to pinnatilobed with wide retrorse triangular lobes, the teeth spinulose, apex acute, glabrous. Capitula stalked, in many-headed corymbs; involucre 12-14 mm long; phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, 2-14 mm long, acute, glabrous or with large setae on the midrib in the outer ones. Florets many; corolla yellow, tube cylindric, 6 mm long, distally pilose, ligule 4-5 mm long, 0.5-1.0 mm wide. Achenes reddish brown, broadly obovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5 mm long, strongly flattened, with wing-like margins, ribbed, smooth or minutely rugulose; pappus white, 6-9 mm long. Annual or sometimes perennial herb, erect, 0.2-2 m high; stems sparsely branched, stout, hollow, ribbed, reddish-purple proximally, glabrous or sometimes densely glandular-setose. Leaves glaucous, sometimes reddish, oblanceolate or slightly panduriform in outline, 4-32 cm long, 1-9 cm wide, base amplexicaul with large, rounded auricles except in the most basal leaves which are attenuate at base, margins dentate to pinnatilobed with wide retrorse triangular lobes, the teeth spinulose, apex acute, glabrous. Capitula stalked, in many-headed corymbs; involucre 12-14 mm long; phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, 2-14 mm long, acute, glabrous or with large setae on the midrib in the outer ones. Florets many; corolla yellow, tube cylindric, 6 mm long, distally pilose, ligule 4-5 mm long, 0.5-1.0 mm wide. Achenes reddish brown, broadly obovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5 mm long, strongly flattened, with wing-like margins, ribbed, smooth or minutely rugulose; pappus white, 6-9 mm long.

Native to Europe and Asia, weed of cultivation and roadsides, alt. 5-1700 m. Drakensberg Grassland, Sub-Escarpment Savanna. Weed of cultivation, in grassland, often along lakeshores or on mud. Weed of cultivation, in grassland, often along lakeshores or on mud.

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, widespread in Africa, Madagascar and Eurasia.

Much like no. 2 [Sonchus oleraceus L.] commonly more prickly; lvs pinnatifid, or frequently obovate and lobeless, with rounded and conspicuously prickly-toothed, not acute auricles; cor-tube somewhat longer than the ligule; achenes flatter, with 3(4–5) evident ribs on each face, not rugulose, although there may be minute projections from the marginal ribs; 2n=18. A cosmopolitan weed, native to Europe. July–Oct.

herb

Robust, short-lived perennial herb to 1 m tall; stems hollow; rootstock fibrous or stout, sometimes divided; sap milky. Leaves alternate, cauline, obovate, oblanceolate or spatulate, copiously spinulose-dentate, sometimes divided, apically acute, the basal portion often narrowed into a broadly winged, mostly dentate region, the basal auricles rounded and clasping the stem, glabrous, often bluish or slightly glaucous. Inflorescence an open, many-headed panicle; peduncle elongate or much abbreviated (Panama), sometimes with gland-tipped bristles; pedicels glabrous or with gland-tipped bristles, to 10 mm long; bracts leaflike but small. Heads 15-25 mm across, ligulate; involucre ca. 15 mm tall, the bracts lanceolate, in several similar, graded, overlapping series, glabrate or apically ciliolate, sometimes with a few subsessile glands; receptacle flat or convex, mamillose, naked; florets all ligulate, all perfect, all fertile, the corollas yellow, those of the outer series exceeding the involucral bracts, often reddish or grayish beneath, with 5 conspicuous obtuse teeth, the tube apically pilose, those of the inner series mostly shorter than the involucre, smaller, yellow with rounded teeth, the anthers with yellow or black appendages, basally sagittate, the style branches dark, narrow, dorsally puberulent, the shaft apically ascending-hispid, the ovary turning bright yellow or orange, the apical nectary cylindrical. Achene flat, lachrymiform, smooth or basally rugulose, each side with 2-4 distinct, low ridges ca. 3 mm long, reddish brown or sometimes a few tan colored; pappus strigulose, silky white, of numerous capillary hairs and fewer persistent bristles.

Ähnlich wie S. oleraceus, aber Blätter glänzend dunkelgrün, ungeteilt bis fiederlappig, etwas steif, fein stachelig und stechend gezähnt, den Stängel mit gezähnten, aber insgesamt gerundeten Zipfeln umfassend. Früchte berandet, glatt.

6–10. Äcker, Gärten, Schuttplätze, kollin-montan(-subalpin). CH.

Herbs 20-50 cm tall, annual. Stem usually unbranched and glabrous below synflorescence. Basal and lower stem leaves extremely variable, obovate, spatulate, or elliptic, 7-13 × 2-5 cm, undivided or ± irregularly pinnatisect, glabrous, adaxially dark green and ± glossy, base attenuate and ± auriculate, margin usually densely spinulosely dentate, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse; lateral lobes ± triangular, semiorbicular, or elliptic. Middle and upper stem leaves spatulate to lanceolate, base auriculately clasping with conspicuous rounded and appressed auricles, otherwise similar to lower leaves. Synflorescence densely corymbiform, with few to some capitula. Capitula with many florets; peduncle 0.5-5 cm, slender, glabrous or densely glandular hairy. Involucre ± campanulate, ca. 1.2 cm. Phyllaries abaxially glabrous or more rarely glandular hairy, apex acute; outer phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 1-2 mm wide. Corolla ca. 1 cm. Achene ± broadly obcolumnar, 2-3 mm, strongly compressed, ± winged, between lateral ribs usually with 3 slender ribs on either side, space between slender ribs much wider than ribs, smooth with only lateral ribs usually antrorsely finely spinulose. Pappus ca. 7 mm, ± caducous. Fl. and fr. May-Oct. 2n = 18.